qaacido tixraac ah oo caag ah oo silikoon ah oo ku salaysan dareereyaal olol la'aan ah oo aan halogen lahayn

Waa kuwan shan naqshadood oo caag ah oo silikoon ah oo ku salaysan dab-celiyeyaal aan halogen lahayn, oo ay ku jiraan dab-celiyeyaal uu bixiyo macmiilku (aluminium hypophosphite, zinc borate, MCA, aluminium hydroxide, iyo ammonium polyphosphate). Naqshadahani waxay ujeedadoodu tahay inay hubiyaan dib-u-dhaca ololka iyagoo yareynaya xaddiga dheeraadka ah si loo yareeyo saameynta ku yeelan karta sifooyinka farsamada ee caagga silikoonka.

1. Nidaamka Fosfooraska-Nitrogen-ka ee Isku-dhafka ah (Nooca Samaynta Jilidda Waxtarka Sare leh)

Bartilmaameed: UL94 V-0, qiiq hooseeya, oo ku habboon codsiyada heerkulka dhexdhexaadka ah ilaa sare

Cinjirka Salka ah: Kaarboor silikoon ah oo methyl vinyl ah (VMQ, 100 phr)

Waxyaabaha ka hortagaya ololka:

• Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP, oo ku salaysan fosfooraska): 15 saacadood
• Waxay bixisaa ilo fosfooraska oo hufan, waxay kor u qaaddaa sameynta wasakhda, waxayna xakameysaa gubashada wejiga gaaska.
• Melamine cyanurate (MCA, oo ku salaysan nitrogen): 10 saacadood
• Waxay la falgashaa fosfooraska, waxay sii deysaa gaasaska aan firfircooneyn, waxayna khafiifisaa oksijiinta.
• Zinc borate (ZnB): 5 saacadood
• Waxay kicisaa sameynta char, waxay xakameysaa qiiqa, waxayna xoojisaa xasilloonida lakabka char.
• Aluminium hydroxide (ATH, habka kiimikada, 1.6–2.3 μm): 20 fiidnimo
• Kala-go'idda endothermic, dib-u-dhaca ololka dheeraadka ah, iyo kala-firdhinta oo la hagaajiyay.

Waxyaabaha lagu daro:

• Saliid silikoon hydroxyl (2 phr, waxay hagaajinaysaa habka wax loo farsameeyo)
• Silica la shiiday (10 phr, xoojin)
• Wakiilka daawaynta (Diperoxide, 0.8 phr)

Astaamaha:

• Wadarta rarista dab-damiska ~ 50 phr, dheelitirka dib-u-celinta dabka iyo sifooyinka farsamada.
• Isku-darka fosfooraska-nitrogen (AHP + MCA) wuxuu yareeyaa xaddiga loo baahan yahay ee walxaha dab-damiska shaqsiga ah.

2. Nidaamka Dareeraha Ololka ee Intumescent (Nooca Rarka Hoose)

Bartilmaameed: UL94 V-1/V-0, oo ku habboon alaabada khafiifka ah

Cinjirka Salka ah: VMQ (100 hr)

Waxyaabaha ka hortagaya ololka:

• Ammonium polyphosphate (APP, oo ku salaysan fosfooraska-nitrogen): 12 saacadood
• Xudunta sameynta char intumescent, oo leh iswaafajin wanaagsan oo leh caag silikoon ah.
• Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP): 8 fiidnimo
• Ilaha fosfooraska dheeraadka ah, waxay yareysaa hygroscopicity-ga APP.
• Zinc borate (ZnB): 5 saacadood
• Katalisyada dabeecadda ee isku-dhafan iyo xakamaynta dhibcaha.
• Aluminium hydroxide (dhul, 3–20 μm): 15 saacadood
• Qalabka dab-damiska ee qiime jaban, wuxuu yareeyaa rarista APP.

Waxyaabaha lagu daro:

• Saliid silikoon vinyl ah (3 phr, balaastikayn)
• Silica roobka ka da'ay (15 hr, xoojin)
• Nidaamka daaweynta Platinum (0.1% Pt)

Astaamaha:

• Wadarta rarista dab-damiska ~40 phr, oo waxtar u leh alaabada khafiifka ah sababtoo ah farsamada iftiinka.
• APP waxay u baahan tahay daawaynta dusha sare (tusaale ahaan, wakiilka isku xidhka silane) si looga hortago socdaalka.

3. Nidaamka Aluminium Hydroxide ee La Habeeyey oo Raraya (Nooca Kharashka-Waxtarka leh)

Bartilmaameed: UL94 V-0, oo ku habboon alaabada qaro weyn ama fiilooyinka

Cinjirka Salka ah: VMQ (100 hr)

Waxyaabaha ka hortagaya ololka:

• Aluminium hydroxide (ATH, habka kiimikada, 1.6–2.3 μm): 50 fiidnimo
• Dareeraha dabka ee aasaasiga ah, burburka endothermic, cabbir yar oo walxaha ah si loo helo kala firdhis wanaagsan.
• Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP): 5 saacadood
• Waxay kor u qaadaysaa hufnaanta sameynta characterka, waxayna yareysaa rarista ATH.
• Zinc borate (ZnB): 3 saacadood
• Xakamaynta qiiqa iyo ka hortagga iftiinka.

Waxyaabaha lagu daro:

• Wakiilka isku xidhka Silane (KH-550, 1 phr, wuxuu hagaajiyaa is-dhexgalka ATH)
• Silica la shiiday (8 phr, xoojin)
• Daaweynta Peroksaydh (DCP, 1 phr)

Astaamaha:

• Wadarta rarista dab-damiska ~58 phr, laakiin ATH ayaa ku badan hufnaanta kharashka.
• Cabbir yar oo walxaha ATH ah ayaa yareeya luminta xoogga jiidista.

4. Nidaamka Aluminium Hypophosphite (AHP) oo kaligiis taagan

Codsiga: UL94 V-1/V-2, ama meesha ilaha nitrogen-ku aan la rabin (tusaale ahaan, ka fogaanshaha xumbo MCA oo saameynaysa muuqaalka).

Qaacidada lagu taliyay:

• Cinjirka Salka ah: VMQ (100 hr)
• Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP): 20–30 hr
• Fosfooraska oo aad u badan (40%); 20 phr wuxuu bixiyaa ~ 8% fosfooraska si uu u yareeyo ololka aasaasiga ah.
• UL94 V-0, kordhi ilaa 30 phr (waxay dhaawici kartaa sifooyinka farsamada).
• Buuxiye XoojinayaSilica (10-15 phr, waxay ilaalisaa xooggeeda)
• Waxyaabaha lagu daroSaliid silikoon Hydroxyl ah (2 phr, habayn) + wakiilka bogsashada (Diperoxide ama nidaamka platinum).

Astaamaha:

• Waxay ku tiirsan tahay dib-u-celinta ololka wejiga la isku daray (samaynta dabeecadda), waxay si weyn u wanaajisaa LOI laakiin waxay leedahay xaddidaad xaddidan oo qiiqa ah.
• Culays badan (>25 phr) ayaa adkeyn kara agabka; waxaa lagugula talinayaa inaad ku darto 3-5 phr ZnB si loo hagaajiyo tayada dhalaalka.

5. Aluminium Hypophosphite (AHP) + Isku darka MCA

Codsiga: UL94 V-0, rarid yar oo leh isku-xidhka gaaska-wajiga ololka.

Qaacidada lagu taliyay:

• Cinjirka Salka ah: VMQ (100 hr)
• Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP): 12–15 saacadood
• Ilaha fosfooraska ee sameynta abuurka.
• MCA: 8–10 hr
• Ilaha Nitrogen-ka ee iskaashiga PN, wuxuu sii daayaa gaasaska aan firfircoonayn (tusaale ahaan, NH₃) si loo xakameeyo faafitaanka ololka.
• Buuxiye Xoojinaya: Silica (10 hr)
• Waxyaabaha lagu daro: Wakiilka isku xidhka Silane (1 phr, gargaar kala firdhis ah) + wakiilka bogsashada.

Astaamaha:

• Wadarta rarka dab-damiska ~ 20–25 phr, oo si weyn uga hooseeya AHP-ga keli ah.
• MCA waxay yareysaa shuruudaha AHP laakiin waxay si yar u saameyn kartaa hufnaanta (isticmaal nano-MCA haddii loo baahdo caddayn).

Soo Koobidda Samaynta Dabiiciga ah ee Dabka

Talooyin Tijaabo ah

1. Imtixaanka Mudnaanta leh: AHP + MCA (15+10 phr). Haddii V-0 la gaaro, si tartiib tartiib ah u yaree AHP (tusaale ahaan, 12+10 phr).
2. Tijaabada AHP ee Keli ah: Ka bilow 20 phr, kordhi 5 phr si aad u qiimeyso LOI iyo UL94, adigoo la socda sifooyinka farsamada.
3. Xakamaynta Qiiqa: Ku dar 3–5 phr ZnB qaab kasta iyada oo aan wax u dhimayn dib u dhaca ololka.
4. Hagaajinta Kharashka: Ku dar 10–15 phr ATH si loo yareeyo kharashka, inkastoo wadarta guud ee buuxinta ay korodho.

Habka Isku-darka ee lagu taliyay

(Lacag silikoon ah oo laba qaybood ah oo lagu daro daawaynta)

1. Daaweynta Kahor ee Kaarboorka Saldhigga ah:

• Ku shub caag silikoon ah (tusaale ahaan, 107 xanjo, saliid silikoon vinyl ah) qasacad meere, ka dibna ku shub faakiyuum haddii loo baahdo.

1. Ku darista Dabka:

• Daawooyinka dab-damiska budada ah (tusaale ahaan, ATH, MH):
• Ku dar dufcado, horay ugu qas cinjir salka ah (isku-darka xawaare hoose, 10-15 daqiiqo) si looga fogaado isku-darka.
• Ku qallaji 80–120°C haddii ay tahay hygroscopic.
• Daawooyinka dabka dareera (tusaale ahaan, fosfateeriyada):
• Si toos ah ugu qas saliidda silikoon, iskutallaabta, iwm., marka aad xiirto (20-30 daqiiqo).

1. Waxyaabaha Kale ee Lagu Daro:

• Si taxane ah ugu dar buuxinta (tusaale ahaan, silica), iskutallaabta (hydrosilane), kataliyayaasha (platinum), iyo kuwa joojiya.

1. Is-waafajinta:

• Sifeyn dheeraad ah u faafinta iyadoo la isticmaalayo warshad saddex-duuban ama emulsifier-ka xiirashada sare leh (muhiim u ah waxyaabaha lagu daro nano sida CNTs).

1. Kala-saarista iyo Shaandhaynta:

• Degas faakiyuum ah (-0.095 MPa, 30 daqiiqo), shaandho si loogu helo shuruudaha saafinimada sare.

Tixgelinnada Muhiimka ah

• Xulashada Ka-hortagga Ololka:
• Daawooyinka aan halogen-ka lahayn (tusaale ahaan, ATH) waxay u baahan yihiin cabbir yar oo walxaha ah (1-5 μm); rarista xad-dhaafka ah waxay waxyeelleysaa sifooyinka farsamada.
• Daawooyinka ka hortagga ku salaysan silikoon (tusaale ahaan, resins-ka silikoon ee phenyl) waxay bixiyaan iswaafajin wanaagsan laakiin qiimo sare leh.
• Xakamaynta Habka:
• Heerkulka ≤ 60°C (wuxuu ka hortagaa sumowga kiciyaha platinum ama bogsashada degdega ah).
• Qoyaanka ≤ 50% RH (wuxuu ka hortagaa falcelinta u dhaxaysa saliidda silikoonka hydroxyl iyo waxyaabaha dabka qaboojiya).

Gunaanad

• Wax Soo Saarka Baahsan: Isku qas waxyaabaha dabka celiya oo leh cinjir saldhig ah si loo helo hufnaan.
• Shuruudaha Xasilloonida Sare: Isku qas inta lagu jiro isku darka si loo yareeyo khatarta kaydinta.
• Nidaamyada Ka-hortagga Nano-Ololka: Kala firdhinta sare ee qasabka ah si looga hortago isku-darka.

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