Nylon (Polyamide, PA) waa balaastik injineernimo oo tayo sare leh oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo qalabka elektarooniga ah, baabuurta, dharka, iyo meelaha kale. Sababtoo ah ololkiisa, wax ka beddelka nayloonka ee dab-damiska ayaa muhiim u ah jirka. Hoos waxaa ku yaal naqshad faahfaahsan iyo sharraxaad ku saabsan qaacidooyinka dab-damiska nayloonka, oo daboolaya xalalka dab-damiska nayloonka ee halogen iyo kuwa aan halogen lahayn.
1. Mabaadi'da Naqshadaynta Qaab-dhismeedka Naylon ee Ka-hortagga Ololka
Naqshadeynta qaacidooyinka ka hortagga ololka nayloon waa inay raacaan mabaadi'da soo socota:
- Dib-u-dhaca Ololka Sare: Buuxi heerarka UL 94 V-0 ama V-2.
- Waxqabadka Habaynta: Waxyaabaha hakiya ololka waa inaysan si weyn u saameyn sifooyinka farsamaynta nayloonka (tusaale ahaan, dareeraha, xasilloonida kulaylka).
- Sifooyinka Farsamada: Ku darista walxaha dabka celiya waa inay yareysaa saameynta xoogga nayloonka, adkeysiga, iyo iska caabbinta xirashada.
- Saaxiibtinimada Deegaanka: Mudnaanta siiya walxaha dab-damiska ee aan halogen lahayn si ay u hoggaansamaan xeerarka deegaanka.
2. Qaabaynta Naylon-ka Naaftada ah ee Halogeenka leh
Daawooyinka halogeenka leh (tusaale ahaan, isku-dhafka brominated) waxay joojiyaan falcelinta silsiladda gubashada iyagoo sii daaya xagjirrada halogen, iyagoo bixinaya hufnaan sare oo halogeenka ah.
Halabuurka Qaaciddada:
- Resin naylon (PA6 ama PA66): 100 hr
- Dawada ololka ee Brominated: 10-20 phr (tusaale ahaan, decabromodiphenyl ethane, polystyrene brominated)
- Antimony trioxide (isku-darka): 3-5 hr
- Saliid: 1–2 phr (tusaale ahaan, kalsiyum stearate)
- Antioxidant: 0.5–1 phr (tusaale ahaan, 1010 ama 168)
Tallaabooyinka Habaynta:
- Si isku mid ah ayay u shaqeeyaan resin nayloon ah, wax ka dhiga ololka, synergist, saliid, iyo antioxidant.
- Isku qas dhalaalid adigoo isticmaalaya qalab laba-boolal ah oo lagu dhejiyo oo lagu dhejiyo pelletize.
- Xakamee heerkulka fidinta 240–280°C (hagaaji iyadoo lagu saleynayo nooca nayloonka).
Astaamaha:
- Faa'iidooyinka: Waxtar sare oo ka hortagta dabka, qadar yar oo lagu daro, kharash-ool ah.
- Qasaarooyinka: Soo deynta gaasaska sunta ah inta lagu jiro gubashada, walaacyada deegaanka.
3. Qaaciddada Naylon-ka ee aan Halogen-ka lahayn ee ka hortaga ololka
Waxyaabaha ka hortaga ololka aan lahayn halogen (tusaale ahaan, hydroxides-ka ku salaysan fosfooraska, ku salaysan nitrogen, ama aan dabiici ahayn) waxay ku shaqeeyaan falgallada endothermic ama sameynta lakab ilaalin ah, iyagoo bixiya waxqabad deegaan oo wanaagsan.
Halabuurka Qaaciddada:
- Resin naylon (PA6 ama PA66): 100 hr
- Dawada dabka ku salaysan ee fosfooraska: 10–15 phr (tusaale ahaan, ammonium polyphosphate APP ama fosfooraska cas)
- Dawada dab-damiska ku salaysan Nitrogen-ka: 5–10 phr (tusaale ahaan, melamine cyanurate MCA)
- Haydarojiin aan dabiici ahayn: 20–30 phr (tusaale ahaan, magnesium hydroxide ama aluminium hydroxide)
- Saliid: 1–2 phr (tusaale ahaan, sitaartiga zinc)
- Antioxidant: 0.5–1 phr (tusaale ahaan, 1010 ama 168)
Tallaabooyinka Habaynta:
- Isku mid ah u samee resin nayloon ah, wax ka celiya ololka, saliidaha, iyo antioxidant-ka.
- Isku qas dhalaalid adigoo isticmaalaya qalab laba-boolal ah oo lagu dhejiyo oo lagu dhejiyo pelletize.
- Xakamee heerkulka fidinta 240–280°C (hagaaji iyadoo lagu saleynayo nooca nayloonka).
Astaamaha:
- Faa'iidooyinka: Deegaan ahaan u wanaagsan, ma jiraan wax sun ah oo gaas ah, oo waafaqsan xeerarka.
- Qasaarooyinka: Waxtarka dab-damiska oo hooseeya, xaddi badan oo lagu daro, iyo saameyn suurtagal ah oo ku yeelan karta sifooyinka farsamada.
4. Tixgelinnada Muhiimka ah ee Naqshadeynta Qaabaynta
(1) Xulashada Qaboojiyaha Ololka
- Dareeraha ololka halogenated: Waxtar sare laakiin waxay khatar ku tahay deegaanka iyo caafimaadka.
- Dareeraha ololka ee aan Halogen lahayn: Ku habboon deegaanka laakiin waxay u baahan tahay xaddi badan waxayna saameyn kartaa waxqabadka agabka.
(2) Isticmaalka Dadka Isku-xidhka Sameeya
- Trioxide-ka Antimony: Si wada jir ah ula shaqeeya aaladaha halogeenka leh si kor loogu qaado dabacsanaanta ololka.
- Isku-dhafka fosfooraska-nitrogenNidaamyada aan halogen lahayn, fosfooraska iyo kuwa dab-damiya ee ku salaysan nitrogen ayaa isku-dhafan si loo horumariyo waxtarka.
(3) Kala-baxa iyo Habaynta
- Kala-baxayaal: Hubi in si isku mid ah loo kala firdhiyo walxaha dabka celiya si looga fogaado in la helo xoog badan oo deegaan ah.
- Saliidaha: Hagaajinta dareeraha habaynta iyo yaraynta xirashada qalabka.
(4) Antioxidants
Ka hortag burburka walxaha inta lagu jiro farsamaynta iyo kor u qaadida xasilloonida badeecada.
5. Codsiyada Caadiga ah
- ElektaroonikadaQaybaha ka hortaga ololka sida isku xirayaasha, furayaasha, iyo godadka.
- Gawaarida: PHR-ka dabka celiya sida daboolka matoorka, xargaha fiilooyinka, iyo qaybaha gudaha.
- Dharka: Faybarro iyo maro ololka celiya.
6. Talooyinka Hagaajinta Qaab-dhismeedka
(1) Horumarinta Waxtarka Ka-hortagga Ololka
- Isku darka dab-damiska: Isku-dhafka Halogen-antimony ama fosfooraska-nitrogen si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka.
- Daawooyinka dab-damiska NanoTusaale ahaan, nano magnesium hydroxide ama nano dhoobo, si loo xoojiyo waxtarka loona yareeyo xaddiyada lagu daro.
(2) Hagaajinta Sifooyinka Farsamada
- Xoog-adagTusaale ahaan, POE ama EPDM, si loo xoojiyo adkeysiga agabka iyo iska caabbinta saameynta.
- Xoojinta buuxintaTusaale ahaan, faybar galaas ah, si loo hagaajiyo xoogga iyo adkaanta.
(3) Qiimo dhimista
- Hagaaji saamiga dab-damiska: Yaree isticmaalka inta lagu jiro buuxinta shuruudaha dib u dhigista dabka.
- Xullo agab kharash-ool ahTusaale ahaan, waxyaabaha dabka celiya ee guriga ama kuwa isku dhafan.
7. Shuruudaha Deegaanka iyo Sharciyeynta
- Dareeraha ololka halogenated: Waxaa xaddiday RoHS, REACH, iwm., taasoo u baahan isticmaal taxaddar leh.
- Dareeraha ololka ee aan Halogen lahayn: U hoggaansan xeerarka, oo matalaya isbeddellada mustaqbalka.
Naqshadeynta qaacidooyinka nayloon-ka ee dab-damiska waa inay tixgeliyaan xaaladaha gaarka ah ee codsiga iyo shuruudaha sharciyeed marka la dooranayo dab-damiska nayloon-ka ama dab-damiska nayloon-ka. Dab-damiska nayloon-ka ee dab-damiska nayloon-ka ah waxay bixiyaan hufnaan sare laakiin waxay keenaan khataro deegaan, halka beddelka nayloon-ka aan lahayn ay yihiin kuwo deegaanka u fiican laakiin waxay u baahan yihiin xaddi badan oo lagu daro. Iyadoo la hagaajinayo qaacidooyinka iyo hababka, agabka nayloon-ka ee dab-damiska nayloon-ka ah ee hufan, deegaanka u fiican, iyo kharashka ku baxa ayaa la samayn karaa si loo daboolo baahiyaha elektaroonigga, baabuurta, dharka, iyo warshadaha kale.
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Waqtiga boostada: Maajo-22-2025
