Habka Kala-baxa iyo Kala-baxa ee Wax-ka-qabtayaasha Ololka Adag ee Nidaamka Koolada Polyurethane AB

Habka Kala-baxa iyo Kala-baxa ee Wax-ka-qabtayaasha Ololka Adag ee Nidaamka Koolada Polyurethane AB

Kala dirida/kala firdhinta walxaha dab-damiska adag sida aluminium hypophosphite (AHP), aluminium hydroxide (ATH), zinc borate, iyo melamine cyanurate (MCA) ee nidaamka dhejiska polyurethane AB, tallaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah daaweyn ka hor, kala firdhinta tallaabo-tallaabo ah, iyo xakamaynta qoyaanka oo adag. Hoos waxaa ku qoran habka faahfaahsan (qaababka dab-damiska oo sareeya; qaacidooyinka kale waa la hagaajin karaa si waafaqsan).

I. Mabaadi'da Aasaasiga ah

1. "Furfurka" asal ahaan waa kala firdhis: Waxyaabaha dab-damiska adag waa in si isku mid ah loogu kala firdhiyaa polyol (qaybta A) si loo sameeyo ka-joojin deggan.
2. Daaweynta kahor ee daawooyinka joojiya dabka: Wax ka qabashada arrimaha nuugista qoyaanka, isku-darka, iyo falcelinta iyadoo la adeegsanayo isocyanates.
3. Ku darista tallaabo-tallaabo ah: Ku dar walxaha sida cufnaanta iyo cabbirka walxaha si looga fogaado in la helo tiro badan oo deegaan ah.
4. Xakamaynta qoyaanka oo adag: Biyuhu waxay cunaan isocyanate (-NCO) oo ku jirta qaybta B, taasoo keenta bogsiin liidata.

II. Habka Hawlgalka oo Faahfaahsan (Iyada oo ku saleysan 100 qaybood oo polyol ah oo ku jira qaybta A)

Tallaabada 1: Daawaynta Ka Hortagga Dabka (24 saacadood ka hor)

• Aluminium Hypophosphite (AHP, 10 qaybood):
  • Dahaarka dusha sare oo leh wakiilka isku xidhka silane (KH-550) ama wakiilka isku xidhka titanate (NDZ-201):
    • Isku qas 0.5 qaybood oo ah wakiilka isku xidhka + 2 qaybood oo ah ethanol aan biyo lahayn, walaaq 10 daqiiqo si aad u hesho hydrolysis.
    • Ku dar budada AHP oo ku walaaq xawaare sare (1000 rpm) muddo 20 daqiiqo ah.
    • Ku qallaji foorno heerkulkeedu yahay 80°C muddo 2 saacadood ah, ka dibna ku kaydi shaabadaysan.
• Aluminium Hydroxide (ATH, 25 qaybood):
  • Isticmaal ATH-ga cabbirka hoose ee silane-ka lagu beddelay (tusaale ahaan, Wandu WD-WF-20). Haddii aan wax laga beddelin, si la mid ah ula dhaqan AHP.
• MCA (6 qaybood) & Zinc Borate (4 qaybood):
  • Ku qallaji heerkul ah 60°C muddo 4 saacadood ah si aad uga saarto qoyaanka, ka dibna ku shaandhee shaashad 300-mesh ah.

Tallaabada 2: Habka Kala-fidinta Qaybta A (Dhinaca Polyol)

1. Isku-darka Saldhigga:
   • Ku dar 100 qaybood oo polyol ah (tusaale ahaan, polyether polyol PPG) weel qalalan.
   • Ku dar 0.3 qaybood oo ah wakiilka heerka polysiloxane ee polyether-modified (tusaale ahaan, BYK-333).
2. Kala-fidinta Xawaaraha Hoose ee Hore:
   • Ku dar walxaha dabka celiya si kala horraysiin ah: ATH (25 qaybood) → AHP (10 qaybood) → zinc borate (4 qaybood) → MCA (6 qaybood).
   • Ku walaaq 300-500 rpm muddo 10 daqiiqo ah ilaa aysan jirin budo qalalan oo hartay.
3. Kala-goynta Sare:
   • U beddel qalab kala-bixiya xawaaraha sare (≥1500 rpm) muddo 30 daqiiqo ah.
   • Xakamaynta heerkulka ≤50°C (si looga hortago oksaydhka polyol).
4. Shiidida iyo Sifeynta (Muhiim!):
   • Ka gudub warshad saddex-duuban ama warshad ciid ah oo dambiil ah 2-3 jeer ilaa ay ka fiicnaato ≤30μm (lagu tijaabiyay Hegman gauge).
5. Hagaajinta iyo Kala-saarista Viscosity-ga:
   • Ku dar 0.5 qaybood oo ah silica qiiqa leh (Aerosil R202) si looga hortago degitaanka.
   • Ku dar 0.2 qaybood oo ah silikoon defoamer ah (tusaale ahaan, Tego Airex 900).
   • Ku walaaq 200 rpm muddo 15 daqiiqo ah si aad u kala saarto gaaska.

Tallaabada 3: Daaweynta Qaybta B (Dhinaca Isocyanate)

• Ku dar 4-6 qaybood oo shaandho molecular ah (tusaale ahaan, Zeochem 3A) qaybta B (tusaale ahaan, MDI prepolymer) si aad u nuugto qoyaanka.
• Haddii aad isticmaaleyso dareere fosfooraska dabka dejiya (ikhtiyaar hooseeya oo nuugaya), si toos ah ugu qas qaybta B oo walaaq 10 daqiiqo.

Tallaabada 4: Isku-darka iyo Daaweynta Qaybaha AB

• Saamiga isku-darka: Raac naqshadda AB ee asalka ah (tusaale ahaan, A:B = 100:50).
• Habka isku darka:
  • Isticmaal isku-darka meere laba-qaybood leh ama tuubo isku-darka oo aan isbeddelin.
  • Isku qas 2-3 daqiiqo ilaa ay isku mid noqdaan (ha isku darin xadhig).
• Xaaladaha bogsashada:
  • Heerkulka qolka oo la daadiyo: 24 saacadood (la dheereeyay 30% sababtoo ah nuugista kulaylka dabka ka celiya).
  • Daawaynta degdega ah: 60°C/2 saacadood (waxaa la ansaxinayaa natiijooyin aan xumbo lahayn).

III. Qodobbada Muhiimka ah ee Xakamaynta Habka

IV. Hababka Kala-fidinta Kale (Iyada oo aan lahayn Qalabka Shiidida)

1. Daaweynta hore ee shiididda kubbadda:
   • Isku qas waxyaabaha dabka ka celiya iyo polyol saamiga 1:1, mashiinka kubbadda muddo 4 saacadood ah (kubbadaha zirconia, cabbirka 2mm).
2. Habka Masterbatch:
   • Diyaari masterbatch 50% ah oo dab-damis ah (polyol ahaan sidaha), ka dibna qas ka hor inta aan la isticmaalin.
3. Kala firdhinta Ultrasonic:
   • Ku mari ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, 10 daqiiqo) slurry-ka hore loo isku qasay (ku habboon dufcadaha yaryar).

V. Talooyinka Hirgelinta

1. Tijaabo yar marka hore: Ku tijaabi 100g oo ah qaybta A, adigoo diiradda saaraya xasilloonida viscosity (isbeddel 24 saacadood ah <10%) iyo xawaaraha bogsashada.
2. Xeerka taxanaha isku darka dab-damiska:
   • "Marka hore culus, marka dambe khafiif; marka hore fiican, marka dambe qallafsan" → ATH (culus) → AHP (khafiif ah) → zinc borate (dhexdhexaad ah) → MCA (khafiif ah/qalafsan).
3. Xallinta dhibaatooyinka degdegga ah:
   • Kordhis degdeg ah oo ku yimaada viskosity-ga: Ku dar 0.5% propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) si aad u milmiso.
   • Daaweyn liidata: Ku dar 5% MDI wax laga beddelay (tusaale ahaan, Wanhua PM-200) qaybta B.