Nidaamka Kala Diridda iyo Kala-firdhinta Dabaysha Ololka Adag ee Nidaamka Xabagga ee Polyurethane AB

Nidaamka Kala Diridda iyo Kala-firdhinta Dabaysha Ololka Adag ee Nidaamka Xabagga ee Polyurethane AB

Kala dirida / kala firdhinta ololka adag sida aluminium hypophosphite (AHP), aluminium hydroxide (ATH), borate zinc, iyo melamine cyanurate (MCA) ee nidaamka xabagta polyurethane AB, tillaabooyinka muhiimka ah waxay ku lug leeyihiin ka-hortag, kala firdhisanaan tallaabo tallaabo ah, iyo xakamaynta qoyaanka adag. Hoos waxaa ah habka tifaftiran (hababka dab-demiska sareeyo; qaababka kale ayaa loo hagaajin karaa si waafaqsan).

I. Mabaadi'da Muhiimka ah

1. "Dissolution" asal ahaan waa kala firdhisanaan: Dab-celiyayaasha ololka adag waa in si isku mid ah loogu kala firdhiyo polyol (A-component) si loo sameeyo cayrin deggan.
2. Ka-hortagga dib-u-celinta ololka: Wax ka qabashada arrimaha nuugista qoyaanka, kacsanaanta, iyo falcelinta isocyanates.
3. Ku darida si tallaabo tallaabo ah: Ku dar walxaha siday u kala horreeyaan cufnaanta iyo cabbirka walxaha si aad uga fogaato uruurinta sare ee gudaha.
4. Xakamaynta qoyaanka adag: Biyuhu waxay cunaan isocyanate (-NCO) ee qaybta B, taas oo u horseedaysa daaweyn liidata.

II. Habka Hawlgelinta ee Faahfaahsan (oo ku salaysan 100 qaybood oo polyol ah oo ku jira qayb A)

Talaabada 1: Daawaynta Dib u Dhigista Ololka (24 saacadood ka hor)

• Aluminium Hypophosphite (AHP, 10 qaybood):
  • Dahaarka dusha sare leh wakiilka isku xirka silane (KH-550) ama wakiilka isku xirka titanate (NDZ-201):
    • Isku qas 0.5 qaybood oo isku xidha + 2 qaybood ethanol anhydrous, walaaq 10 min si aad u sameysid hydrolysis.
    • Ku dar budada AHP oo walaaq xawaare sare (1000 rpm) 20 min.
    • Ku qallaji foornada 80 ° C ilaa 2 saacadood, ka dibna kaydi oo xiran.
• Aluminium Hydroxide (ATH, 25 qaybood):
  • Adeegso cabbir-yar-yar, silane-la beddelay ATH (tusaale, Wandu WD-WF-20). Haddii aan wax laga beddelin, ula dhaqan si la mid ah AHP.
• MCA (6 qaybood) & Zinc Borate (4 qaybood):
  • Ku qallaji 60°C ilaa 4 saacadood si aad qoyaanka uga saarto,ka dibna shaandho dhex mari shaashadda 300-mesh.

Talaabada 2: A-Qaybta (Side Polyol) Habka Fidinta

1. Isku dhafka salka:
   • Ku dar 100 qaybood oo polyol ah (tusaale, polyether polyol PPG) weel qalalan.
   • Ku dar 0.3 qaybood oo polyeter-ku-beddelay wakiilka heerka polysiloxane (tusaale, BYK-333).
2. Kahor Faafinta Xawaaraha Hoose:
   • Kudar dab-dejinta sida ay u kala horreeyaan: ATH (25 qaybood) → AHP (10 qaybood) → borate zinc (4 qaybood) → MCA (6 qaybood).
   • Ku walaaq 300-500 rpm 10 daqiiqo ilaa aysan budo qalalan hadhin.
3. Kala firdhinta-xiirid sare:
   • U beddel faafiyaha xawaaraha sare leh (≥1500 rpm) ilaa 30 daqiiqo.
   • Xakamaynta heerkulka ≤50°C (si looga hortago polyol oxidation).
4. Shiididda & Sifaynta (Nuxur!):
   • Dhex mara mishiinka saddex duuban ama dambiisha ciid-shiidka 2-3 jeer ilaa laga gaadhayo ganaax ≤30μm (lagu tijaabiyey qiyaasta Hegman).
5. Hagaajinta Viscosity & Foomaynta:
   • Ku dar 0.5 qaybood oo silica fumed hydrophobic (Aerosil R202) si aad uga hortagto dejinta.
   • Ku dar 0.2 qaybood oo silikoon defoamer ah (tusaale, Tego Airex 900).
   • Ku walaaq 200 rpm 15 daqiiqo si aad u dejiso.

Talaabada 3: Daaweynta Qaybta B (Side Isocyanate).

• Ku dar 4-6 qaybood shaandho molecular (tusaale, Zeochem 3A) qaybta B (tusaale, MDI prepolymer) nuugista qoyaanka.
• Haddii la isticmaalayo dib-u-kicinta ololka fosfooraska dareeraha ah (ikhtiyaarka aragti yar), si toos ah ugu qas qaybta B oo walaaq 10 daqiiqo.

Tallaabada 4: Isku-dhafka iyo Daawaynta Qaybaha AB

• Saamiga isku darka: Raac naqshadda asalka ah ee AB (tusaale, A:B = 100:50).
• Habka isku dhafka:
  • Isticmaal qase meeraha laba qaybood ka kooban ama tuubo isku darka taagan.
  • Isku qas 2-3 daqiiqo ilaa lebbiska (xadhig la'aan).
• Xaaladaha daaweynta:
  • Daawaynta heerkulka qolka: 24 saacadood (oo lagu kordhiyey 30% sababtoo ah nuugista kulaylka retardant).
  • Daawaynta degdega ah: 60°C/2 saacadood (la caddeeyey natiijooyinka xumbo-la'aanta).

III. Qodobbada Xakamaynta Habka Muhiimka ah

IV. Hababka Kala firdhinta Beddelka ah (Aan Qalab wax shiidi jirin)

1. Daawaynta hore ee kubbada-shiidka:
   • Isku qas dab-celiyayaasha ololka iyo polyol-ka 1:1 saamiga, kubbadda wax lagu shubo ilaa 4 saacadood (kubadaha zirconia, cabbirka 2mm).
2. Habka Masterbatch:
   • Diyaarso 50% dab-dejinta masterbatch (polyol as side), ka dibna walaaq ka hor intaanad isticmaalin.
3. Kala firdhinta Ultrasonic:
   • Codso ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, 10 min) si aad ugu shubto slurry premixed (ku habboon kooxo yaryar).

V. Talooyinka Dhaqangelinta

1. Tijaabada cabbirka yar marka hore: Ku tijaabi 100g oo ah qayb A, diiradda saaraya xasilloonida viscosity (24h isbeddel <10%) iyo daaweynta xawaaraha.
2. Xeerka isku xigxiga ee isku-darka ololka:
   • "Marka hore culus, iftiin dambe; fiican marka hore, aan dhab ahayn" → ATH (culus) → AHP ( ganaax) → borate zinc (dhexdhexaad ah) → MCA (iftiin / qalafsan).
3. Cilad-baadhista degdega ah:
   • Kordhinta viscosity ee degdega ah: Ku dar 0.5% propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) si loo milo.
   • Daawaynta liidata: Ku dar 5% MDI la beddelay (tusaale, Wanhua PM-200) qaybta B.