Daawooyinka dab-damiska ee ku salaysan fosfooraska waa nooc ka mid ah kuwa dab-damiska oo waxtar sare leh, la isku halleyn karo, oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo kuwaas oo soo jiitay dareen muhiim ah oo ka yimid cilmi-baarayaasha. Guulo la taaban karo ayaa laga gaaray isku-darka iyo adeegsiga.
1. Adeegsiga Waxyaabaha Ka Hortaga Ololka ee ku Salaysan Fosfooraska ee PP
Sifooyinka jireed ee polypropylene (PP) waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan codsiyada warshadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tusmada oksijiinta xaddidan (LOI) waa qiyaastii 17.5% oo keliya, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aad u guban kara iyadoo si degdeg ah u gubanaysa. Qiimaha agabka PP ee codsiyada warshadaha waxaa saameeya labadaba dib u dhigista ololka iyo sifooyinka jireed. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, microencapsulation iyo wax ka beddelka dusha sare ayaa noqday isbeddellada ugu muhiimsan ee agabka PP ee ololka joojiya.
Tusaale 1: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) oo lagu beddelay wakiil isku xidhka silane (KH-550) iyo xal ethanol oo silikoon ah ayaa lagu mariyey agabka PP. Markii qaybta cufnaanta ee APP-ga wax laga beddelay ay gaartay 22%, LOI-ga agabka ayaa kordhay ilaa 30.5%, halka sifooyinkiisa farsamo ay sidoo kale buuxiyeen shuruudaha isla markaana ay ka fiicnaayeen agabka PP oo ololka ka dabar go'ay iyadoo la adeegsanayo APP aan wax laga beddelin.
Tusaale 2: APP waxaa lagu duubay qolof ka kooban melamine (MEL), saliid silicone hydroxyl, iyo resin formaldehyde iyada oo loo marayo polymerization in-situ. Kaabsoolka yaryar waxaa lagu daray pentaerythritol waxaana lagu mariyey agabka PP si loogu celiyo ololka. Maaddadu waxay muujisay dib-u-celin olol oo aad u fiican, iyadoo leh LOI oo ah 32% iyo qiimeyn tijaabo gubasho toosan oo ah UL94 V-0. Xitaa ka dib daaweynta biyaha kulul, isku-darka ayaa haystay dib-u-celin olol wanaagsan iyo sifooyin farsamo.
Tusaale 3: APP waxaa wax laga beddelay iyadoo lagu dahaadhay aluminium hydroxide (ATH), APP-na wax laga beddelay waxaa lagu daray dipentaerythritol oo leh saamiga cufka 2.5:1 si loogu isticmaalo agabka PP. Markii wadarta guud ee jajabka cufka ee dab-damiska uu ahaa 25%, LOI wuxuu gaaray 31.8%, qiimeynta dab-damiska wuxuu gaaray V-0, heerka sii deynta kulaylka ugu sarreeyana si weyn ayaa loo dhimay.
2. Adeegsiga Waxyaabaha Ka Hortaga Ololka ee ku Salaysan Fosfooraska ee PS
Polystyrene (PS) aad ayuu u guban karaa wuxuuna sii wadaa inuu gubto ka dib marka laga saaro isha dabka. Si wax looga qabto arrimaha sida sii deynta kulaylka sare iyo faafitaanka degdega ah ee ololka, aaladaha dab-damiska ee ku salaysan halogen-ka ee fosfooraska ku salaysan ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara dib-u-celinta ololka PS. Hababka caadiga ah ee ka hortagga ololka ee PS waxaa ka mid ah dahaarka, ku dahaaridda, cadayashada, iyo dib-u-celinta ololka marxaladda polymerization.
Tusaale 1: Koollo dab-celiye ah oo ay ku jirto fosfooraska oo loogu talagalay PS-ka la ballaarin karo ayaa lagu sameeyay habka sol-gel iyadoo la adeegsanayo N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane iyo fosforic acid. Xumbo PS oo dab-celiye ah ayaa la diyaariyey iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab dahaadh ah. Markii heerkulku dhaafay 700°C, xumbo PS oo lagu daweeyay koolada ayaa samaysay lakab char ah oo ka badan 49%.
Cilmi-baarayaasha adduunka oo dhan waxay ku soo bandhigeen qaab-dhismeedyo ka hortagaya ololka fosfooraska isku-dhafka vinyl ama acrylic, kuwaas oo markaa lagu daro styrene si loo soo saaro copolymers-ka styrene ee cusub. Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan in marka la barbar dhigo PS saafi ah, copolymers-ka styrene ee fosfooraska ku jira waxay muujinayaan in si weyn loo hagaajiyay LOI iyo haraaga char, taasoo muujinaysa xasillooni heer sare ah oo kulka iyo dib-u-celinta ololka.
Tusaale 2: Macromonomer isku-dhafan oo oligomeric phosphate ah (VOPP) ayaa lagu tallaalay silsiladda ugu weyn ee PS iyada oo loo marayo isku-darka isku-dhafka. Isku-darka isku-dhafka ah wuxuu muujiyay dib-u-dhac olol ah iyada oo loo marayo farsamo marxalad adag ah. Markii maadada VOPP ay korodhay, LOI way korodhay, heerka sii deynta kulaylka ugu sarreeya iyo sii deynta kulaylka guud ayaa hoos u dhacday, dhalaalka oo daadanayana wuu baaba'ay, taasoo muujinaysa saameyn weyn oo ka hortagta ololka.
Intaa waxaa dheer, qalabka dab-damiska ee ku salaysan fosfooraska aan dabiiciga ahayn waxaa si kiimiko ah loogu xiri karaa graphite ama qalabka dab-damiska ee ku salaysan nitrogen si loogu isticmaalo qalabka dab-damiska ee PS. Hababka dahaarka ama cadayashada ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu mariyo qalabka dab-damiska ee ku salaysan fosfooraska PS, taasoo si weyn u hagaajinaysa LOI-ga iyo haraaga char-ka ee walxaha.
3. Adeegsiga Waxyaabaha Ka Hortaga Ololka ee ku Salaysan Fosfooraska ee PA
Polyamide (PA) aad ayuu u guban karaa wuxuuna soo saaraa qiiq badan inta lagu jiro gubashada. Maadaama PA si weyn loogu isticmaalo qaybaha elektaroonigga ah iyo qalabka, khatarta khatarta dabka ayaa si gaar ah u daran. Sababtoo ah qaab-dhismeedka amide ee silsiladdiisa ugu weyn, PA waxaa lagu celin karaa ololka iyadoo la adeegsanayo habab kala duwan, iyadoo daawooyinka dab-damiska lagu daro iyo kuwa fal-celinta labaduba ay yihiin kuwo aad waxtar u leh. PA-yada dab-damiska, milixda alkyl phosphinate ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan ee la isticmaalo.
Tusaale 1: Aluminium isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) ayaa lagu daray matrix PA6 si loo diyaariyo walxo isku dhafan. Intii lagu jiray tijaabinta dib-u-celinta ololka, A-MBPa way kala go'day ka hor PA6, iyadoo samaysay lakab cufan oo deggan oo ilaalinaya PA6. Maaddadu waxay gaadhay LOI oo ah 26.4% iyo qiimeyn dib-u-celinta ololka oo ah V-0.
Tusaale 2: Intii lagu jiray polymerization-ka hexamethylenediamine iyo adipic acid, 3 wt% oo ah bis(2-carboxyethyl)methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) oo dab-celiya ayaa lagu daray si loo soo saaro PA66 oo dab-celiya. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in PA66 oo dab-celiya ay muujisay dib-u-celin olol oo ka sarreysa PA66-kii caadiga ahaa, iyadoo leh LOI aad u sarreeya. Falanqaynta lakabka dabka ayaa muujisay in dusha sare ee cufan ee PA66 oo dab-celiya ay ku jiraan daloollo cabbirro kala duwan leh, kuwaas oo gacan ka geystay in la kala saaro kulaylka iyo wareejinta gaaska, taasoo muujinaysa waxqabad muuqda oo dab-celiya.
More info., pls contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-15-2025
