Codsiga Dabaysha Ololka Ku Salaysan Fosfooraska ee PP

Fosfooraska ku salaysan ololka dib-u-dejinta waa nooc waxtarkiisu sarreeyo, la isku halayn karo, oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo kuwaas oo dareen weyn ka helay cilmi-baarayaasha. Guulo la yaab leh ayaa laga gaaray habkooda iyo ku dhaqankooda.

1. Codsiga Dib u Dhigista Ololka Ku Salaysan Fosfooraska ee PP

Astaamaha jireed ee polypropylene (PP) waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan codsiyadooda warshadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tusmaheeda oksijiinta xaddidan (LOI) waa qiyaastii 17.5%, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aad u gubanaysa oo leh heer gubasho degdeg ah. Qiimaha alaabta PP ee codsiyada warshadaha waxaa saameeya labadaba ololka ololkooda iyo sifooyinka jirka. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, microencapsulation iyo wax ka beddelka dusha sare waxay noqdeen isbeddellada asaasiga ah ee alaabta PP ee ololka.

Tusaalaha 1: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) oo lagu beddelay wakiilka isku xidhka silane (KH-550) iyo xal ethanol ah oo silikoon ah ayaa lagu dabaqay agabka PP. Markii jajabka tirada badan ee APP ee wax laga beddelay uu gaadhay 22%, LOI ee walaxda ayaa kordhay ilaa 30.5%, iyada oo sifooyinkeeda makaanikada ay sidoo kale buuxiyeen shuruudaha oo ay ka sarreeyaan walxaha PP ololka oo leh APP aan la beddelin.

Tusaalaha 2: APP waxa lagu dahaadhay qolof ka kooban melamine (MEL), saliida silikoon hydroxyl, iyo resin formaldehyde iyada oo loo sii marayo polymerization in-situ. Kaabsulada yaryar ayaa markaa lagu daray pentaerythritol waxaana lagu dabaqay agabka PP ee dib u dhaca ololka. Walaxda ayaa muujisay dib u dhac holac oo heersare ah, oo leh LOI oo ah 32% iyo qiimaynta tijaabada gubashada tooska ah ee UL94 V-0. Xataa daawaynta biyaha kulul ka dib, isku-dhafka ayaa sii lahaa dib-u-dhac wanaagsan iyo sifooyin farsamo.

Tusaalaha 3: APP waxa wax laga beddelay iyada oo lagu dahaadhay aluminium hydroxide (ATH), APP-da la beddelayna waxa lagu daray dipentaerythritol marka loo eego baaxadda 2.5:1 si loogu isticmaalo agabka PP. Marka wadarta tirada guud ee celiyaha ololku ay ahayd 25%, LOI waxa ay gaadhay 31.8%, qiimaynta dib u dhacsiga ololku waxa la gaadhay V-0, heerka ugu sareeya ee sii daynta kulaylka si weyn ayaa loo dhimay.

2. Codsiga Dabaysha Ololka Ku Salaysan Fosfooraska ee PS

Polystyrene (PS) aad buu u guban karaa wuxuuna sii wadaa gubashada ka dib marka isha dabka laga saaro. Si wax looga qabto arrimaha ay ka midka yihiin sii daynta kulaylka sarreeya iyo ololka degdega ah u fidaya, dib-u-celinta ololka fosfooraska ku salaysan ee halogen-la'aanta ah ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara dib u dhaca ololka PS. Hababka caadiga ah ee dab-dejinta ee PS waxaa ka mid ah dahaarka, impregnation, cadayashada, iyo dib u dhigista ololka-polymerization.

Tusaalaha 1: Xabag fosfooraska ka kooban oo ololka celisa ee PS la fidin karo ayaa lagu sameeyay habka sol-gel iyadoo la adeegsanayo N-β-(aminoethyl) -γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane iyo phosphoric acid. Xumbo PS ah oo ololaysa ayaa la diyaariyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo habka daahan. Marka heerkulku dhaafo 700°C, xumbada PS ee lagu daweeyay xabagta ayaa samaysatay lakabka dhuxusha oo ka badan 49%.

Cilmi-baadhayaasha adduunka oo dhan waxay soo bandhigeen qaabab fosfooraska-ka kooban oo ka-hortagga ololka galka vinyl ama xeryahooda acrylic, kuwaas oo markaa lagu koobiyeeyay styrene si loo soo saaro fosfooraska cusub ee ka kooban styrene copolymers. Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan in marka la barbar dhigo PS saafi ah, fosfooraska-ka kooban styrene copolymers ayaa muujinaya LOI iyo haraaga char oo si aad ah u horumaray, taasoo muujinaysa xasilloonida kulaylka sare iyo dib u dhaca ololka.

Tusaalaha 2: Vinyl-la-joojiyay oligomeric fosfatoore hybrid macromonomer (VOPP) ayaa lagu tallaalay silsiladda ugu weyn ee PS iyada oo loo sii marayo isku-duubnida tallaalka. Copolymer-ku-tallaalku waxa uu muujiyay dib u dhac ololka iyada oo loo marayo hab adag. Marka maaddada VOPP ay korodhay, LOI ayaa kor u kacday, heerka sii daynta kulaylka ugu sarreeya iyo wadarta kulaylka ayaa hoos u dhacay, iyo dhalaalid dareere ah ayaa la waayay, taasoo muujinaysa saamaynta ololka ee muhiimka ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, dib-u-celinta ololka ee fosfooraska ku salaysan ayaa kiimiko ahaan lala xiriirin karaa graphite ama natrojiin-ku-salaysan ololka dab-demiska si loogu isticmaalo dib-u-dhaca ololka PS. Hababka dahaarka ama cadayashada waxa kale oo loo adeegsan karaa in PS-ku-dabaal-dejiso holaca fosfooraska, taasoo si weyn u wanaajisa LOI-ga walxaha iyo hadhaaga char.

3. Codsiga Dabaysha Ololka Ku Salaysan Fosfooraska ee PA

Polyamide (PA) aad bay u gubanaysaa waxayna soo saartaa qiiq badan inta lagu jiro gubashada. Maadaama PA si weyn loogu isticmaalo qaybaha iyo qalabka elektaroonigga ah, halista khataraha dabku si gaar ah ayay u daran tahay. Sababtoo ah qaab dhismeedka amide ee silsiladeeda ugu weyn, PA waxay noqon kartaa mid dib u ololaysa iyadoo la adeegsanayo habab kala duwan, iyadoo labadaba dib-u-celinta ololka iyo falcelinta ay muujinayaan si heer sare ah. Ka mid ah PA-yada ololka-celiska ah, cusbada fosfinat alkyl ayaa ah kuwa ugu isticmaalka badan.

Tusaale 1: Aluminium isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) ayaa lagu daray matrix PA6 si loo diyaariyo walxo isku dhafan. Inta lagu jiro tijaabada dib u dhaca ololka, A-MBPa way qudhuntay kahor PA6, taasoo samaysa lakab dhuxul ah oo cufan oo xasilan oo ilaaliya PA6. Walaxda ayaa gaadhay LOI oo ah 26.4% iyo qiimaynta dib u dhaca ololka ee V-0.

Tusaalaha 2: Inta lagu jiro polymerization ee hexamethylenediamine iyo adipic acid, 3 wt% ee bis retardant bis (2-carboxyethyl) methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) ayaa lagu daray si loo soo saaro olol-retardant PA66. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in ololka-dejinta PA66 uu muujiyay dib u dhac holac oo sarreeya marka loo eego PA66 caadiga ah, oo leh LOI aad u sarreeya. Falanqaynta lakabka dhuxusha ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in dusha sare ee dhuxusha cufan ee ololka celiska ah ee PA66 ay ku jiraan daloolo cabbirro kala duwan leh, kuwaas oo ka caawiyay in ay go'doomiyaan kulaylka iyo wareejinta gaaska, taas oo muujinaysa waxqabadka ololka-dib-u-dhigga ee muuqda.

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