Falanqaynta iyo Hagaajinta Habaynta Dab-demiska ee Dahaarka PVC

Falanqaynta iyo Hagaajinta Habaynta Dab-demiska ee Dahaarka PVC

Macmiilku wuxuu soo saaraa teendhooyin PVC wuxuuna u baahan yahay inuu marsado daahan ololaya. Qaabka hadda jira wuxuu ka kooban yahay 60 qaybood oo PVC ah, 40 qaybood TOTM, 30 qaybood oo aluminium hypophosphite ah (oo leh 40% fosfooraska ka kooban), 10 qaybood MCA, 8 qaybood oo zinc borate ah, oo ay weheliyaan kala-saareyaasha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxqabadka holac-celinta ayaa liidata, iyo kala firdhinta ololayaasha ololku sidoo kale kuma filna. Hoos waxaa ku yaal falanqaynta sababaha iyo hagaajinta la soo jeediyay ee qaacidada.

I. Sababaha Muhiimka ah ee Dib-u-dhaca Ololka Liita

1. Nidaamka Dib u Celinta Ololka oo aan dheeli tirnayn

• Aluminium hypophosphite xad dhaaf ah (30 qaybood):
  Inkasta oo aluminium hypophosphite ay tahay dib-u-celin holac ku salaysan fosfooraska wax ku ool ah (40% maadada fosfooraska), ku-darka xad-dhaafka ah (> 25 qaybood) waxay u horseedi kartaa:
• Korodh xoog leh oo ku yimaadda viscosity nidaamka, taas oo ka dhigaysa kala firdhinta mid adag oo samaynaysa goobo kulul oo soo dedejiya gubashada ("saamaynta wick").
• Adkaanshaha walxaha oo la dhimay iyo sifooyinka samaynta filimada oo daciifay sababtoo ah buuxinta xad-dhaafka ah ee aan organic.
• Mawduuca sare ee MCA (10 qaybood):
  MCA (nitrogen-ku-salaysan) ayaa sida caadiga ah loo istcimaalaa isku-dhafka. Marka qiyaastu ka badato 5 qaybood, waxay u janjeertaa inay u haajirto dusha sare, iyada oo buuxinaysa waxtarka ololka oo ay suurtogal tahay inay farageliso ololayaasha kale.
• La'aanta hawlwadeennada muhiimka ah:
  Halka borate zinc uu leeyahay saamaynta qiiqa, maqnaanshaha antimony-ku salaysan (tusaale, antimony trioxide) ama birta oxide (tusaale, aluminium hydroxide) xeryahooda ayaa ka hortagaya samaynta habka isku-dhafka "fosfooraska-nitrogen-antimony", taas oo keeneysa ku filnaan la'aanta ololka wajiga.

2. Isku-dheeli la'aanta udhaxeysa Xulashada caagadaha iyo Yoolalka Dib u dhaca Ololka

• TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) waxay leedahay dib u dhacyo xaddidan:
  TOTM waxay ku fiican tahay iska caabbinta kulaylka laakiin aad ayay uga yar tahay dib u dhigista ololka marka loo eego phosphate esters (tusaale, TOTP). Codsiyada ololka sare ee sida dahaarka teendhada, TOTM ma bixin karto awood ku filan oo dab-dejin ah iyo oksijiin-caqabad.
• Balaastiiste aan ku filnayn (kaliya 40 qaybood):
  Xabagta PVC waxay caadi ahaan u baahan tahay 60-75 qaybood oo balaastiiste ah si balaastig buuxa loo sameeyo. Waxyaalaha balaastiigga ah ee hooseeyaa waxay keenaysaa dhalaalid sare, taasoo ka sii dareysa arrimaha kala firdhisanaanta ololka.

3. Nidaamka kala firdhisan ee aan waxtarka lahayn ee u horseedaya Qaybinta Dib u Celinta Ololka aan sinnayn

• Qaybaha hadda jira waxa uu noqon karaa nooc ujeedo guud ah (tusaale, stearic acid ama PE wax), kaas oo aan waxtar u lahayn dib-u-celiyayaasha ololka aan noolaha ahayn ee raran (aluminium hypophosphite + zinc borate oo wadartoodu tahay 48 qaybood), taasoo keenaysa:
• Agglomeration ee qaybaha dab-demiska, abuurista dhibco daciif ah oo gudaha ah oo daahan ah.
• Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhalaalka oo liita inta lagu jiro habaynta, dhalisa kulaylka xiirta ee kiciya burburka degdega ah.

4. Is-waafajinta Liidata ee udhaxeysa Dabciyaasha Ololka iyo PVC

• Alaabta aan noolaha ahayn sida aluminium hypophosphite iyo zinc borate waxay leeyihiin farqi weyn oo kala duwanaansho leh oo leh PVC. Iyadoo aan la beddelin dusha sare (tusaale, wakiilada isku-xidhka silane), kala-soocida wajiga ayaa dhacda, hoos u dhigista waxtarka ololka.

II. Habka Naqshadeynta Muhiimka ah

1. Ku beddel caagadaha aasaasiga ah ee TOTP

• Ka faa'iidayso dib-u-dhaca ololka gudaha ee aadka u wanaagsan (ka kooban fosfooraska ≈9%) iyo saamaynta balaastikada.

2. Hagaaji Saamiyada Retardant Ololka iyo Isku-duubnida

• Hayso aluminium hypophosphite sida isha fosfooraska udub dhexaadka ah laakiin si weyn u yareyso qiyaasta si loo hagaajiyo kala firdhisanaanta loona yareeyo "saameynta wick."
• U hay borate zinc sidii isku-dubarid fure ah (kor u qaadida dab-demiska iyo xakamaynta qiiqa).
• U hay MCA sida isku-dhafka nitrogen-ka laakiin yaree qiyaasta si looga hortago socdaalka.
• Soo bandhigultrafine aluminium hydroxide (ATH)Sida qayb hawleed badan:
• Dib u dhigista ololka:Daboolida Endothermic (fuuqbax), qaboojinta, iyo milanka gaasaska gubanaya.
• Xakamaynta qiiqa:Waxay si weyn u yaraynaysaa soo saarista qiiqa.
• Buuxiyaha:Waxay hoos u dhigtaa kharashaadka (marka la barbar dhigo kuwa kale ee dab-damiska).
• Kala firdhinta iyo socodka oo la hagaajiyay (darajada ultrafine):Si fudud loo kala firdhiyo marka loo eego ATH-da caadiga ah, iyada oo yaraynaysa kororka viscosity.

3. Xalka Adag ee Arrimaha Fikirka

• Si weyn u kordhi waxa ku jira balaastikada:Hubi balaastiig buuxa oo PVC ah oo yaree viscosity nidaamka.
• Isticmaal wax-ku-oolnimada sare-sare:Si gaar ah loogu talagalay culeyska sarreeya, budada aan dabiiciga ahayn ee si fudud loo garto (aluminium hypophosphite, ATH).
• Wanaaji habaynta (isku-darka kahor waa muhiim):Hubi qoynta iyo kala firdhinta waxyaalaha ololka celinaya.

4. Hubi xasilloonida habsocodka aasaasiga ah

• Ku dar qaboojiyaha kulaylka ku filan iyo saliidaha habboon.

III. Foomka PVC ee ololka dib loo eegay

IV. Qoraalada Formula iyo Qodobbada Muhiimka ah

1. TOTP waa Aasaaska Muhiimka ah

• 65-75 qayboodhubisaa:
• Balaastig buuxa: PVC waxay u baahan tahay balaastiig ku filan sameynta filim jilicsan, joogto ah.
• Dhimista viscosity: Aad bay muhiim u tahay wanaajinta kala firdhisanaanta rarka dabci aan noolaha ahayn.
• Dib u dhigista ololka gudaha: TOTP lafteedu waa balaastiiste aad waxtar u leh.

2. Isku-duubnida Ololka

• Isku-dhafka PNB-Al:Aluminium hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) waxay bixiyaan isku-dhafka aasaasiga ah ee PN. Zinc borate (B, Zn) waxay wanaajisaa xajinta iyo xakamaynta qiiqa. Ultrafine ATH (Al) waxay bixisaa qaboojin heersare ah iyo xakamaynta qiiqa. TOTP sidoo kale waxay ku biirtaa fosfooraska. Tani waxay abuurtaa nidaam isku-dhafan oo unugyo badan ah.
• Doorka ATH25-35 qaybood oo ah ultrafine ATH waa qayb weyn oo ka qaata dib u dhaca ololka iyo xakamaynta qiiqa. Burburkiisa endothermic wuxuu nuugaa kulaylka, halka uumiga biyuhu sii daayaan uu milo ogsijiinta iyo gaasaska guban kara.Ultrafine iyo ATH dusha laga daweeyay waa muhiimsi loo yareeyo saamaynta viscosity oo loo hagaajiyo waafaqsanaanta PVC.
• Aluminium hypophosphite oo la dhimay:Hoos loo dhigo 30 ilaa 15-20 qaybood si loo yareeyo culayska nidaamka iyadoo la ilaalinayo tabaruca fosfooraska.
• MCA la dhimay:Laga soo dajiyay 10 ilaa 4-6 qaybood si looga hortago tahriibka.

3. Xalka Kala-firdhinta - Muhiim u ah Guusha

• Kala qaybsanaan sare (3-4 qaybood):Muhiim u ah maaraynta culeyska sare (50-70 qaybood wadarta buuxinta aan noolaha ahayn!), Nidaam adag oo lagu kala firdhiyo (aluminium hypophosphite + ultrafine ATH + zinc borate).Qaybaha caadiga ah (tusaale, calcium stearate, PE wax) kuma filna!Maal gashaday wax-ku-oolnimada sare-sare ee qaybinta oo isticmaal xaddi ku filan.
• Waxa ku jira caagadaha (65-75 qaybood):Sida kor ku xusan, waxay yaraynaysaa guud ahaan viscosity, abuurista jawi wanaagsan oo kala firidhsan.
• Saliidaha (1-2 qaybood):Isku darka saliidaha gudaha / dibedda waxay hubisaa socodka wanaagsan inta lagu jiro isku dhafka iyo dahaarka, ka hortagga dhejinta.

4. Processing - Adag Hab-maamuuska Isku-darka Kahor

• Talaabada 1-aad (ku qas budada aan organic ahayn):
• Ku dar aluminium hypophosphite, ultrafine ATH, zinc borate, MCA, iyo dhammaan aadka u kala firdhisan qasiyaha xawaaraha sare leh.
• Ku qas 80-90 ° C 8-10 daqiiqo. Hadafka: Hubi in aadka u kala firdhiyey ay si buuxda u huwado qayb kasta, jebinaysa agglomerates.Waqtiga iyo heerkulka waa muhiim!
• Talaabada 2 (Samaynta slurry):
• Ku dar inta badan TOTP-ga (tusaale, 70-80%), dhammaan kulaylka dejiyeyaasha, iyo saliidaha gudaha isku dhafka ah laga bilaabo Tallaabada 1.
• Ku qas 90-100 ° C 5-7 daqiiqo si aad u sameysid labbis, dareere olol celin kara. Hubi in budada ay si buuxda u qoyseen balaastikada.
• Tallaabada 3 (Ku dar PVC iyo qaybaha haray):
• Ku dar resin PVC, TOTP haray, saliidaha dibadda (iyo antioxidants/UV stabilizers, haddii lagu daro heerkan).
• Isku qas 100-110 ° C 7-10 daqiiqo ilaa laga gaarayo "goobta qalalan"Iska ilaali inaad isku qasto si aad uga hortagto burburka PVC.
• Qaboojin:Soo daadi oo qabooji isku dhafka ilaa <50°C si aad uga hortagto isku-duubnida.

5. Nidaaminta soo socota

• Isticmaal isku darka qalalan ee la qaboojiyey ee calending ama dahaarka.
• Si adag u xakamee heerkulka habaynta (heerkulka dhalaalka ee lagu taliyay

V. Natiijooyinka iyo taxaddarrada la filayo

• Dib u dhigista ololka:Marka la barbardhigo caanaha asalka ah (TOTM + aluminium hypophosphite sare / MCA), qaaciidadan dib loo eegay (TOTP + hagaajinta P / N / B / Al ratios) waa inay si weyn u wanaajisaa dib u dhac ku yimaada ololka, gaar ahaan waxqabadka gubashada tooska ah iyo xakamaynta qiiqa. Heerarka bartilmaameedka sida CPAI-84 ee teendhooyinka. Tijaabooyinka muhiimka ah: ASTM D6413 (gubasho toosan).
• Kala firdhisanSuper-dispersant + balaastiig sare + isku-darka hore ee la hagaajiyay waa in ay si weyn u wanaajisaa kala firdhisanaanta, yaraynta agglomeration iyo hagaajinta lebbiska dahaarka.
• Geedi socodka:TOTP ku filan iyo saliidaha waa in ay xaqiijiyaan habaynta habsami u socodka, laakiin la socdaan viscosity iyo dhegdheg inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka dhabta ah.
• Qiimaha:TOTP iyo super-dispersants waa qaali, laakiin aluminium hypophosphite oo la dhimay iyo MCA waxay dhimaysaa kharashyada qaar. ATH waa mid aad u jaban.

Xusuusin Muhiim ah:

• Tijaabooyin yaryar marka hore!Ku tijaabi shaybaadhka oo ku hagaaji adiga oo ku salaysan alaabta dhabta ah (gaar ahaan ATH iyo waxqabadka aadka u kala qaybsan) iyo qalabka.
• Xulashada agabka:
• ATH:Waa in la isticmaalo ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), darajooyinka dusha lagu daaweeyay (tusaale, silane). Kala tasho alaab-qeybiyeyaasha talooyinka ku habboon PVC.
• Qaybaha sare:Waa in la isticmaalo noocyada waxtarka sare leh. Ogeysii alaab-qeybiyeyaasha arjiga (PVC, buux-buuxiyeyaasha aan noolaha ahayn ee raran, dib u dhaca ololka aan halogen-ka lahayn).
• TOTP:Hubi tayada sare.
• Tijaabinta:Samee tijaabooyin adag oo dib u dhac ololka heerarkii yoolka. Sidoo kale qiimee iska caabinta gabowga/biyaha (muhiim u ah teendhooyinka dibadda!). Xasijiyeyaasha UV iyo antioxidants ayaa muhiim ah.

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