Beddelka Samaynta ee Harogen-Free Flame Retardant PVC

Beddelka Samaynta ee Harogen-Free Flame Retardant PVC

Hordhac

Macmiilku waxa uu soo saaraa maqaar PVC oo ololaya oo hore loo isticmaalay antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃). Hadda waxay higsanayaan inay baabi'iyaan Sb₂O₃ oo ay u beddelaan dab-celiyayaal aan halogen lahayn. Qaabka hadda jira waxaa ka mid ah PVC, DOP, EPOXY, BZ-500, ST, HICOAT-410, iyo antimony. Ka beddelashada maqaar PVC-ku-saleysan antimony una gudubta nidaamka dab-demiska halogen-la'aanta waxay ka dhigan tahay casriyeyn tignoolajiyadeed oo muhiim ah. Isbedelkaani ma aha oo kaliya u hoggaansan yahay xeerarka sii kordheysa ee adag ee deegaanka (tusaale, RoHS, REACH) laakiin sidoo kale waxay wanaajisaa sawirka "cagaaran" ee alaabta iyo tartanka suuqa.

Caqabadaha Muhiimka ah

1. Luminta Saamaynta Isku-dhafka:
   • Sb₂O₃ keligeed ma aha dib-u-celin xooggan laakiin waxay soo bandhigtaa saameyn aad u wanaagsan oo dab-demis ah oo leh koloriin ku jirta PVC, taasoo si weyn u hagaajinaysa waxtarka. Ka saarida antimony waxay u baahan tahay in la helo hab kale oo aan halogen-free ahayn kaas oo ku celceliya is-dhexgalkan.
2. Waxtarka Dib u Dhigista Ololka:
   • Dib-u-celinta ololka-free Halogen waxay inta badan u baahan yihiin culeysyo sare si ay u gaaraan qiimeyn u dhigma ololka-celinta (tusaale, UL94 V-0), taas oo saameyn karta sifooyinka farsamada (jilicsanaanta, xoogga xajinta, dhererka), waxqabadka, iyo kharashka.
3. Astaamaha Maqaarka ee PVC:
   • Maqaarka PVC wuxuu u baahan yahay jilicsanaan heer sare ah, dareenka gacanta, dhammayn dusha sare ah (qurxin, dhalaalid), caabbinta cimilada, caabbinta socdaalka, iyo dabacsanaanta heerkulka hooseeya. Qaabka cusubi waa inuu ilaaliyaa ama si dhow ula socdaa guryahan.
4. Habaynta Waxqabadka:
   • Culayska sare ee buuxinyaasha aan halogen-la'aanta lahayn (tusaale, ATH) waxa laga yaabaa inay saameeyaan qulqulka dhalaalka iyo xasilloonida habaynta.
5. Tixgelinta Qiimaha:
   • Qaar ka mid ah wax-ku-oolnimada sare ee halogen-la'aanta ololka waa qaali, taasoo lagamamaarmaan u ah dheelitirnaanta u dhexeeya waxqabadka iyo qiimaha.

Istaraatiijiyada Xulashada Nidaamyada Dib u Dhigista Ololka Bilaashka ah ee Halogen (ee PVC Maqaar Macmal ah)

1. Dib-u-kicinta Ololka Koowaad - Biraha Hydroxides

• Aluminium Trihydroxide (ATH):
  • Inta badan, kharash-ool ah.
  • Mechanism: Burburka Endothermic (~ 200°C), sii daynta uumiga biyaha si loo milo gaasaska ololaya iyo ogsijiinta iyadoo la samaynayo lakabka sare ee difaaca.
  • Dib-u-dhac: Waxtarka hooseeya, culeyska sare ee loo baahan yahay (40-70 phr), wuxuu si weyn u yareynayaa jilicsanaanta, dhererka, iyo socodsiinta; heerkulka burburku wuu hooseeyaa.
• Magnesium Hydroxide (MDH):
  • Heerkulka burburka sarreeya (~ 340 ° C), oo ku habboon farsamaynta PVC (160-200 ° C).
  • Dib-u-dhac: Culaysyo sarreeya oo la mid ah (40-70 phr) ayaa loo baahan yahay; kharash wax yar ka sarreeya ATH; waxaa laga yaabaa in nuugista qoyaanka sareeyo.

Xeeladda:

• Doorbida MDH ama isku darka ATH/MDH (tusaale, 70/30) si aad isugu dheelitirto qiimaha, habaynta heerkulka la qabsiga, iyo dib u dhaca ololka.
• Dusha la daweeyay (tusaale, silane-ku-xidhan) ATH/MDH waxay wanaajisaa laqabsiga PVC, waxay yaraynaysaa nabaad-guurka hantida, waxayna wanaajisaa dib u dhaca dabka.

2. Isku-xidhayaasha Ololka Retardant

Si loo dhimo raritaanka ololka aasaasiga ah loona wanaajiyo waxtarka, isku-dubaridyadu waa lama huraan:

• Fosfooraska-Nitrogen Dib-u-Celinta Ololka: Ku habboon nidaamyada PVC-la'aanta ah ee halogen.
  • Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP): Waxay kor u qaadaa kicinta, samaynta lakab dahaarka ah.
    • Fiiro gaar ah: Isticmaal darajooyin heerkul sare u adkaysta (tusaale, Wajiga II,>280°C) si aad isaga ilaaliso burburka inta lagu jiro habaynta. Qaar ka mid ah APP-yada ayaa laga yaabaa inay saameeyaan daahfurnaanta iyo iska caabinta biyaha.
  • Aluminium Diethylphosphinate (ADP): Wax ku ool ah, culeys yar (5-20 phr), saameynta ugu yar ee guryaha, xasilloonida kulaylka wanaagsan.
    • Dib-u-dhac: Kharash badan.
  • Fosfate Esters (tusaale, RDP, BDP, TCPP): Waxay u shaqaysaa sidii caag-dhigayaasha ololka.
    • Faa'iidooyinka: Dual door (plasticizer + olol retardant).
    • Qasaarooyinka: Unugyada yaryar (tusaale, TCPP) way guuri karaan/qalmi karaan; RDP/BDP waxay leeyihiin waxtarka balaastiga ka hooseeya DOP waxayna yareyn kartaa dabacsanaanta heerkulka hoose.
• Zinc Borate (ZB):
  • Qiime jaban, hawlqabadyo badan (oo ololka celisa, qiiqa joojiya, dhiirigeliyaha dhuxusha, ka-hortagga dhibicda). Waxay si fiican ula shaqaysaa nidaamka ATH/MDH iyo fosfooraska-nitrogen. Soo dejinta caadiga ah: 3-10 phr.
• Zinc Stannate/Hydroxy Stannate:
  • Xakamaynta qiiqa aadka u fiican iyo isku xidhayaasha ololka, gaar ahaan polymers-ka koloriinku ku jiro (tusaale, PVC). Waxa ay qayb ahaan bedeli kartaa doorka is-dhexgalka ee antimony. Soo dejinta caadiga ah: 2-8 phr.
• Qaybaha Molybdenum (tusaale, MoO₃, Ammonium Molybdate):
  • Xakamaynta qiiqa xoogga leh oo leh is-dhexgalka ololka. Soo dejinta caadiga ah: 2-5 phr.
• Nano Fillers (tusaale, Nanoclay):
  • Culaysyada hooseeya (3-8 phr) waxay hagaajiyaan dib-u-dhacyada ololka (samaynta shaxanka, heerka sii deynta kulaylka oo yaraada) iyo sifooyinka farsamada. Kala firdhintu waa muhiim.

3. Daawooyinka sigaarka cabba

PVC waxay soo saartaa qiiq culus inta lagu jiro gubashada. Nashqada aan halogen-ka lahayn waxay inta badan u baahan tahay xakamaynta qiiqa. Zinc borate, zinc stannate, iyo xeryahooda molybdenum waa xulashooyin aad u fiican.

Soo-jeedinta Halogen-Lacag La'aanta Dib-u-Celinta Dabka (oo ku saleysan Qaabka Asalka ah ee Macmiilka)

Bartilmaameedka: Gaadhi UL94 V-0 (1.6 mm ama ka dhumuc) iyadoo la ilaalinayo jilicsanaanta, socodsiinta, iyo sifooyinka muhiimka ah.

Malaha:

• Habka asalka ah:
  • DOP: 50-70 phr (balaastiiste).
  • ST: Waxay u badan tahay stearic acid (lubricant).
  • HICOAT-410: Ca/Zn xasiliye.
  • BZ-500: Waxay u badan tahay in saliidda/gargaarka farsamaynta (si loo xaqiijiyo).
  • EPOXY: Saliida soybean ee Epoxidized (isku-xejin/ balaastik).
  • Antimony: Sb₂O₃ (laga saarayo).

1. Qaab-dhismeedka qaabeynta ee lagu taliyay (100 kiiba xabagta PVC

2. Samaynta Tusaalaha (Waxay u baahan tahay hagaajin)

Talaabooyinka Hirgelinta Halis ah

1. Xaqiiji faahfaahinta Walxaha ceeriin:
   • Caddee aqoonsiga kiimikaad eeBZ-500iyoST(la tasho xaashida xogta alaab-qeybiyaha).
   • Xaqiiji rarka saxda ah eeDOP,EPOXYiyoHICOAT-410.
   • Qeex shuruudaha macmiilka: Dib u dhaca ololka bartilmaameedka (tusaale, dhumucdiisuna tahay UL94), jilicsanaanta (adkeydka), codsiga (baabuur, alaabta guriga, bacaha?), Baahiyaha gaarka ah ( caabbinta qabow, xasiloonida UV, caabbinta caabbinta?), Xadka kharashka.
2. Dooro Darajooyinka Dib u Dhigista Ololka Gaarka ah:
   • Codso muunado dab-damis ah oo-free halogen ah oo loogu talagalay maqaar PVC alaab-qeybiyeyaal.
   • Mudnaan sii ATH/MDH oo dusha lagu daaweeyay si loo kala firdhiyo.
   • APP, isticmaal darajooyin heerkul sare u adkaysta.
   • Fosfooraska esters, ka door bidi RDP/BDP TCPP socdaalka hoose.
3. Tijaabinta Miisaanka Shaybaadhka & Hagaajinta:
   • U diyaari dufcadyo yaryar oo leh culaysyo kala duwan (tusaale, hagaaji MDH/APP/ZB/ZS).
   • Isku qas: Isticmaal qasiyeyaasha xawaaraha sare leh (tusaale, Henschel) si aad u kala firdhiso labiska. Ku dar dareerayaasha (plasticizers, stabilizers) marka hore, ka dibna budo.
   • Tijaabooyinka Habaynta: Tijaabi qalabka wax soo saarka (tusaale, qasaha Banbury + calending). La soco wakhtiga balaastikada, dhalaalista viscosity, qulqulka, tayada dusha sare.
   • Tijaabada Waxqabadka:
     • Dib u dhigista ololka: UL94, LOI.
     • Guryaha makaanikada: Adag ( Shore A), xoogga xajinta, dhererka.
     • Jilicsanaanta/dareenka gacanta: Mawduuc + imtixaanno adag.
     • Dabacsanaanta heerkulka-hooseeya: Tijaabada qalooca qabow.
     • Deganaanshaha kulaylka: Koongo tijaabada cas.
     • Muuqaal: Midab, dhalaal, qurxin.
     • (Ikhtiyaar ah) Cufnaanta qiiqa: qolka qiiqa NBS.
4. Cilad-bixinta & Isku-dheellitirka:

5. Duuliyaha & Soo saarista: Ka dib hagaajinta shaybaadhka, samee tijaabooyin tijaabo ah si loo xaqiijiyo xasiloonida, joogtaynta, iyo qiimaha. Kor u qaad kaliya ansaxinta kadib.

Gabagabo

Ka gudbida antimony-ku-saleysan una gudubta harogen-free ololka-celiya PVC-ga waa wax macquul ah laakiin waxay u baahan tahay horumar nidaamsan. Habka xudunta u ah wuxuu isku daraa hydroxides-ka birta ah (doorbidayaa MDH-daawaynta), fosfooraska-nitrogen synergists (APP ama ADP), iyo xakamaynta qiiqa kala duwan (zinc borate, zinc stannate). Isla mar ahaantaana, hagaajinta balaastikada, xasiliyayaasha, saliidaha, iyo qalabka wax lagu farsameeyo ayaa muhiim ah.

Furayaasha Guusha:

1. Qeex bartilmaameedyada cad iyo caqabadaha (dib u dhaca ololka, guryaha, qiimaha).
2. Dooro dab-celiyayaal-holac-la'aan ah oo la xaqiijiyay (buuxiyeyaal dusha laga daweeyay, APP-ku-kulul sare).
3. Samee tijaabinta shaybaadhka adag (dib u dhaca ololka, guryaha, habaynta).
4. Hubi isku darka isku midka ah iyo habka waafaqsanaanta.

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